Deviance and Social Control - 2641 Words

Deviance and Social Control Final Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for SOCL 101 Sociology By Social control is techniques and strategies used for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. All levels of society such as family, school, bureaucratic and government has some form of social control. Examples of family social control include obeying your parents rules, doing your homework and chores. School includes standards they expect of students such as being on time, completing assignments and following school ground rules. The bureaucratic organization emphasizes the rules and procedures among their workers. The government expresses social control through law†¦show more content†¦Deviant behavior is socially constructed with the people in power defining what is expectable and what is deviant. An example of deviance here in the United States can be found in our freedom of religion. Our society was created with a strong Christian background; attending church on Sundays is widely accepted and practiced among many of our citizens. Conversely, state that youâ₠¬â„¢re a satanic worshiper and you will most definitely carry a social stigma. There are other forms of deviant behavior that people can unwillingly acquire through a social stigma. Being overweight can carry a stigma within our society because overweight people are assumed to be weak in character. Being grossly unattractive can also carry an unwanted social stigma. Social deviance is subject to different social interpretations and varies throughout different cultures. What is considered deviant in one culture may be considered normal in another. Dog fighting is an example of contrasting social deviance between the USA and Afghanistan. Getting caught dog fighting in the United States and you will be thrown in jail and carry a social stigma for the rest of your life. The professional footballer Michael Vick is an example of this negative stigma. Conversely, dog fighting in Afghanistan is widely accepted and practiced every Friday morning (The Scoop,Show MoreRelatedDeviance and Social Control914 Words   |  4 Pagespreventing deviant human behavior in a society† are called social control (Schaefer, 2009). As we respect and acknowledge these social norms we expect others to do so as well. Therefore, according to our behavior sanctions are carried out whether they are positive or negative. Conformity, which refers to â€Å"going along with peers, people of our own status who have no special right to direct our behavior† (Schaefer, 2009), is one way social control occurs in a group level which influence the way we actRead MoreDeviance and Social Control1558 Words   |  7 PagesDeviance is any infraction of norms, whether the violation being minor as jaywalking or as significant as raping someone. So you and I every day violate these societal norms no matter how big or small they may be. The heart of deviance is best explained by sociologist Howard S. Becker (1966), It is not the act itself, but the reactions to the act, that make somethin g deviant. Different groups have different norms, maybe something deviant to a particular person may not be deviant to another (HenslinRead MoreDeviance And Social Control Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of deviance and social control. There are various factors to research on the topic to develop a complete understanding of the two ideas. Specifically, the goal is to identify factors that directly impact deviance and social control and if one can exist without the other. These topics provide a better understanding of the human behavior and actions because of social control and societal norms. The focus of this discussion is to provide a detailed analysis of societal norms, deviance, and socialRead MoreEssay on Deviance and Social Control1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe concepts Social Control and Deviance have more than one definition to me, my understandings of these terms are that they try to group, control and define different kinds of anti-social behaviour. In this e ssay I will be reflecting on how certain topics have deviant labels attached to them as a result of social control. I will be explaining my initial understanding and views of these topics, going on to explain how they may have been changed, challenged or reinforced after attending lecturesRead MoreDeviance: Social Control Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesIn todays world deviance is everywhere.Where did it come from ? I want to know what is deviance and what reasons adoes it exist .So in this paper I will discover these answers. Deviance is any behavior that does not conform to the prevailing norms of a society.Deviance is the recognized violation of cultural norms .Deviance is measured by sociteis reaction , its is measured by societies life style ,only behavior that is defined unacceptable in a culture is deviant. Deviance violates some groupsRead MoreDeviance, Social Device And Social Control928 Words   |  4 PagesDeviance and Social Control No one person is born evil or born to be a criminal. We all come into this world with innocent, curiosity, the need for love and with both heart and mind empty and ready to be filled and nurtured. We as humans love to believe that we are in total control of our future and that we can change what we want to change but we’re wrong. There are two things in this world that determine who we are going to be and what we do and they are social factors and society. Society seesRead MoreSocial Control And Criminal Deviance820 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Control and Criminal Deviance: Bullying Darryl Gennie Professor Catherine Terry SOC 100 Augusta 17 August 2015 Strayer University The most important step needed to analyze bullying is to review the existing knowledge. The literature review is a critical look at the existing research that is significant to the work you are trying prove including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodical contributions to a particular topic. Get the facts and review them thoroughlyRead MoreFormal Social Control And Informal Social Deviance1169 Words   |  5 Pagescalled social deviance, and these sanctions are enforced through two forms of social control: formal social control, and informal social control. Both of these forms of social control work towards achieving the same goal: discouraging violations of society’s accepted behaviors, or social deviance, and punishing those who do. But what is the difference between these two forms of social control? How are these social control mechanisms carried out? Formal social control is a form of control that isRead MoreSocial Deviance Theory, And Social Control Theory1941 Words   |  8 Pagesexplains juvenile delinquency is a combination of several aspects from cultural deviance theory, strain theory, and social control theory. Cultural Deviance Theory argues that delinquency occurs naturally due to the conditions that certain neighborhoods are under. The three people who have greatly impacted this theory are Clifford Shaw, Henry McKay, and Edwin Sutherland. Shaw and McKay were the first to pen cultural deviance when studying Chicago s inner city transformation from the 1900s to earlyRead MoreCrime, Deviance, Social Order And Social Control3729 Words   |  15 PagesDifferent Definitions of: Crime, Deviance, Social order and Social control Crime is defined by the Oxford dictionary as ‘an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law.’ (Dictionary, 2015) Whereas deviance is failing to conform to the expectations held by society without necessarily breaking any laws. Criminal behaviour differs to deviant behaviour as a person can be deviant without committing a crime and vice versa, a person can be criminal without being deviant. For

Mahdist War and the Siege of Khartoum

The Siege of Khartoum lasted from March 13, 1884 to January 26, 1885, and took place during the Mahdist War (1881-1899). In early 1884, Major General Charles Chinese Gordon arrived to take command of British and Egyptian forces in Khartoum. Though tasked with extracting his command from the area before Mahdist rebels arrived, he elected to defend the city. The resulting siege saw Gordons garrison overwhelmed and wiped out shortly before a relief force arrived. The failure to rescue Gordon and his men was blamed on Prime Minister William Gladstone and caused his government to fall. Background In the wake of 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War, British troops remained in Egypt to protect British interests. Though occupying the country, they allowed the Khedive to continue overseeing domestic affairs. This included dealing with the Mahdist Revolt which had commenced in Sudan. Though technically under Egyptian rule, large parts of Sudan had fallen to Mahdist forces led by Muhammad Ahmad. Considering himself the Mahdi (the redeemer of Islam), Ahmad defeated Egyptian forces at El Obeid in November 1883 and overran Kordofan and Darfur. This defeat and the deteriorating situation led to Sudan being discussed in Parliament. Assessing the problem and wishing to avoid the cost of intervention, Prime Minister William Gladstone and his cabinet were unwilling to commit forces to the conflict. As a result, their representative in Cairo, Sir Evelyn Baring, directed the Khedive to order the garrisons in Sudan to evacuate back into Egypt. To oversee this operation, London requested that Major General Charles Chinese Gordon be placed in command. A veteran officer and former governor-general of Sudan, Gordon was familiar with the region and its peoples. Leaving in early 1884, he was also tasked with reporting on the best means for extracting the Egyptians from the conflict. Arriving in Cairo, he was re-appointed Governor-General of Sudan with full executive powers. Sailing up the Nile, he arrived at Khartoum on February 18. Directing his limited forces against the advancing Mahdists, Gordon began evacuating women and children north to Egypt. Siege of Khartoum Conflict: Mahdist War (1881-1899)Date: March 13, 1884 to January 26, 1885Armies Commanders:British EgyptiansMajor General Charles Gordon7,000 men, 9 gunboatsMahdistsMuhammad Ahmadapprox. 50,000 menCasualties:British: Entire force lostMahdists: Unknown Gordon Digs In Though London desired to abandon Sudan, Gordon firmly believed the Mahdists needed to be defeated or they could overrun Egypt. Citing a lack of boats and transport, he ignored his orders to evacuate and began organizing a defense of Khartoum. In an effort to win over the citys residents, he improved the justice system and remitted taxes. Recognizing that Khartoums economy rested on the slave trade, he re-legalized slavery despite the fact that he had originally abolished it during his earlier term as governor-general. While unpopular at home, this move increased Gordons support in the city. As he moved forward, he began requesting reinforcements to defend the city. An initial request for a regiment of Turkish troops was denied as was a later call for a force of Indian Muslims. Increasingly agitated by Gladstones lack of support, Gordon began sending a series of angry telegrams to London. These soon became public and led to a vote of no confidence against Gladstones government. Though he survived, Gladstone steadfastly refused to become committed to a war in Sudan. Left on his own, Gordon began enhancing Khartoums defenses. Protected to the north and west by the White and Blue Niles, he saw that fortifications and trenches were constructed to the south and east. Facing the desert, these were supported by land mines and wire barriers. To defend the rivers, Gordon retrofitted several steamers into gunboats which were protected by metal plates. Attempting an offensive near Halfaya on March 16, Gordons troops faltered and took 200 casualties. In the wake of the setback, he concluded that he should remain on the defensive. The Siege Begins Later that month, Mahdist forces began to near Khartoum and skirmishing commenced. With Mahdist forces closing in, Gordon telegraphed London on April 19 that he had provisions for five months. He also requested two to three thousand Turkish troops as his men were increasingly unreliable. Gordon believed that with such a force, he could drive off the enemy. As the month ended, the tribes to the north elected to join with the Mahdi and cut off Gordons lines of communication to Egypt. While runners were able to make the journey, the Nile and telegraph were severed. As enemy forces surrounded the city, Gordon attempted to convince the Mahdi to make peace but with no success. General Sir Garnet Wolseley. Public Domain Trapped in Khartoum Holding the city, Gordon was able to somewhat replenish his supplies by raiding with his gunboats. In London, his plight was played up in the press and eventually, Queen Victoria directed Gladstone to send aid to the beleaguered garrison. Acquiescing in July 1884, Gladstone ordered General Sir Garnet Wolseley to form an expedition for the relief of Khartoum. Despite this, it took a substantial amount of time to organize the needed men and supplies. As the fall progressed, Gordons position became increasingly tenuous as supplies dwindled and many of his more capable officers were killed. Shortening his line, he constructed a new wall inside the city and tower from which to observe the enemy. Though communications remained spotty, Gordon did receive word that a relief expedition was en route. General Gordons Last Stand, 1893. Public Domain Despite this news, Gordon greatly feared for the city. A letter that arrived in Cairo on December 14 informed a friend, Farewell. You will never hear from me again. I fear that there will be treachery in the garrison, and all will be over by Christmas. Two days later, Gordon was forced to destroy his outpost across the White Nile at Omdurman. Made aware of Gordons concerns, Wolseley began pressing south. Defeating the Mahdists at Abu Klea on January 17, 1885, the men met the enemy again two days later. With the relief force approaching, the Mahdi began planning to storm Khartoum. Possessing around 50,000 men, he ordered one column to wade across the White Nile to attack the citys walls while another assaulted the Massalamieh Gate. The City Falls Moving forward on the night of January 25-26, both columns quickly overwhelmed the exhausted defenders. Swarming through the city, the Mahdists massacred the garrison and around 4,000 of Khartoums residents. Though the Mahdi had expressly ordered that Gordon be taken alive, he was struck down in the fighting. Accounts of his death vary with some reports stating he was killed at the governors palace, while others claim he was shot in the street while trying to escape to the Austrian consulate. In either case, Gordons body was decapitated and taken to the Mahdi on a pike. Aftermath In the fighting at Khartoum, Gordons entire 7,000-man garrison was killed. Mahdist casualties are not known. Driving south, Wolseleys relief force reached Khartoum two days after the citys fall. With no reason to remain, he ordered his men to return to Egypt, leaving Sudan to the Mahdi. It remained under Mahdist control until 1898 when Major General Herbert Kitchener defeated them at the Battle of Omdurman. Though a search was made for Gordons remains after Khartoum was retaken, they were never found. Acclaimed by the public, Gordons death was blamed on Gladstone who delayed forming a relief expedition. The resulting outcry led his government to fall in March 1885 and he was formally rebuked by Queen Victoria. Battle of Omdurman. Photograph Source: Public Domain

The Common Forms Of Cyber Theft - 1373 Words

Introduction Discussing the terms of cybercrimes can be founded in several sources. Many schoolers have defined the term of cybercrimes in general sense and narrow sense. The term cybercrime in a narrow sense is â€Å"Any illegal behavior directed by means of electronic operations that target the security of computer systems and the data processed by them† (Gercke, 2012). Also it has been defined in a broader sense as â€Å"illegal behavior committed by means of, or in relation to, a computer system or network, including such crimes as illegal possession and offering or distributing information by means of a computer system or network† (Gercke, 2012). Also it has been defined as a criminal activity including the information technology†¦show more content†¦These devices cause trouble to the victim. The. B. cyber harassment is similar in general to cyber-bullying. However, the criminal who use cyber harassment sends unwanted emails to the victim. These emails usually are se nt to the victim’s junk mail. C. cyber-stalking simply when the victim protect firms from harassment. D. hacking is always related to the internet. The unauthorized closure of victims’ sensitive and confidential information is related to hacking. The unauthorized accesses is usually done by a user who knows the organization system vluerbitities. E. virus are designed to destroy victims’ confidential data in their computers. Hackers usually use virus as a tool to reach victims (Moafa, 2014) This paper focuses on the cybercrime that have been charged in 2010 and received a sentence. In focusing on these crimes, the consequences of the crimes are analyzed and other features such as the extent of the cybercrime, the sources of the crime, target of the crime, the harms inflicted, the economic impact of the crimes and the possible punishment. The structure of this paper paper includes three parts which are literature review, data collection, and the presentation of the results and discussing the conclusion. Figure: 1 shows the paper Procedure of Study. Figure 1: Procedure of Study Literature Review: Cybercrime has developed from simple to complex situations over the years, and those in charge of the investigations have done everything

Piston of Automotive Vehicles

Question: Write an essay on Piston of Automotive Vehicles. Answer: The material selection in the automotive industry requires the fulfillment of many requirements. Some of these requirements are of safety, light weight, performance, cost and some of these are as per customers requirement. The piston of a automotive vehicle is a very important part and the material selection for this requires the consideration of many factors like melting point, cost, friction coefficient etc.The material of a piston may be either aluminum alloy or cast iron depends on the type of automotive vehicle. The cast iron piston requires more attention towards its thermal properties and gives a good performance whereas the aluminum material is preferred for the best performance. The aluminum alloy material is preferred when a speed requirement of more than 6 m/s and the cast iron material piston is preferred when the speed requirement is less than 6 m/s. The aluminum alloys has a higher heat transfer coefficient and thus does not have any high heating problem. Introduction The piston of an auto vehicle converts the pressure force into the movement of crank shaft. Piston begins, animates and stops in for every half rotation of the crank shaft. The inertial force depends on the piston and less idleness endowments for high pressure. In the midst of operation of the piston, a temperature slant of around 150 K from the pioneer of the heap to its base is experienced. So additionally it needs to reinforce chamber evolving rings. The piston must be strength enough, and reinforced to meet the requirements of withstanding at higher temperatures. The friction of the piston material, weight and the long length skirting should be very less. The components of a cylinder more or less are; The piston should have space for the oil and seal inside the piston.It should be able to transmit power through the gudgeon pin.DETAILS OF ROLE AND PROPERTIES OF COMPONENT SELECTEDComponent selected = Engine pistonRole: Provides the necessary power by burning fuel and then removes t he combustion products.Material of piston: Aluminum alloyMechanical properties of aluminum alloyHardness 96Ultimate tensile strength 315 MPaTensile yield strength 278 MPaModulus of elasticity 69 GPaShear strength 208 MPaMachine ability 50%Thermal properties of materialSpecific heat capacity 896 KJ/kg.0CThermal conductivity 167 W/mkMelting point 582 652 0CPhysical property Density = 2700 kg/m3Chemical propertiesSolution temperature 529 0CAging temperature 160 0CElectrical propertyElectrical resistivity = 3.99e 006 ohm-cmADVANTAGES OF ALUMINUM ALLOY OVER CAST IRON MATERIAL Heat transfer coefficient of aluminum is nearly 3 times of CI. In this manner aluminum combination piston has less variation in temperature of the piston head and piston rings. The density of aluminum speaks the truth 33% that of cast iron. Along these lines light weight development and less idleness powers. Good tensile strength. Produces high speeds greater than 6 m/s. High efficiency. High power production.DISADVANTAGES OF ALUMINUM ALLOY OVER CAST IRON MATERIAL Higher cost than cast iron material. Not best suitable for heavy load vehicles. High coefficient of linear expansion.ADVANTAGES OF CAST IRON OVER ALUMINUM ALLOY MATERIAL Wear quality of cast iron piston is more. Cast iron pistons have higher quality. As temperature builds, the quality of aluminum combination piston declin es rapidly. Because of higher quality, it is conceivable to give dainty segments to the parts of cast iron piston. In light of higher coefficient of warm development aluminum, aluminum amalgam pistons require more leeway between the chamber divider and piston rings. Low cost. Low coefficient of linear expansion.DISADVANTAGES OF CAST IRON OVER ALUMINUM ALLOY MATERIAL Heavy weight material i.e. increases the engine weight. Not suitable for high speed vehicles. Low efficiency. Low power generation.ANALYSISThe complete piston social affair holds around 52-58% of power consumption of whole setup. For an ordinary piston with three rings, first ring with 50% weight ring for the friction work, second piston ring is 30-35% and the third piston ring is only 10-15% of the oil control. Pistons are given amplified cushions or skirt ribs from which material is uprooted to bring the chamber weight inside required quality. Piston head (crown) approach is uncommonly essential for the fuel injection and ignition of the fuel injected during the start of the power stroke. The straightforwardness, low execution engines usage level top chambers with breaks cut in it to give valve head flexibility. Chambers for first class engines have raised twists to widen weight. The head of the piston made have high strength so that it can be withstand with the high ignition temperature and the weight transfer. Piston rings similarly work as sharp edges to trade hot to the engine oil. The aluminum cylinders are created using the tossing method.PISTON MATERIAL COMPARSON WITH OTHER MATERIALSThe piston material must possess properties like grand hurled point of confinement, higher strength, amazing strength to surface scratched zone to reduction skirt and ring-score wear, immense warm conductivity to keep down piston temperatures, and a for the most part low warm expansion to have a base piston to-chamber breathing room. To fulfill low reacting attributes of the piston in a smart engine, the chamb er should be lighter, and therefore aluminum compound is grabbed the chance to cast iron and steel. In any case, to keep up the steadfast system for cast presses, the extents of the aluminum structures must be more essential, thus off-setting the considerable position of daintiness to some degree. The aluminum alloy has a combination of copper, silicon, nickel etc. The hot strength of unadulterated aluminum, with 4.5% copper and 3% nickel, of 13% silicon compound, and of 20% silicon mix. At 0 degree Celsius temperature the aluminum alloy material is the most grounded, the 23%-silicon compound is of the lowest strength, and the 12%-silicon mix is in within. At higher temperature their hot quality diminishments however the rate of decay of the quality for the 23%-silicon blend is not as much as that of the other two and at around 553 K its hot quality in better as the other two mixes. Aluminum compound is a vastly enhanced conductor of warmth than cast iron and practices 3.3 times mor e prominent smoking in for a specified period in comparison with the CI. Regardless, the better hot diffusing nature of aluminum composite decreases the best piston head working temperature, which is by and large in the level of 530 to 575 K for composite chambers and 400 to 500 0C cast iron chambers.PERFORMANCE OF ALUMINUM PISTONSElite, exceptionally charged traveler auto diesel motors are for the most part seen as the touchstone for Al pistons as the warm also, mechanical piston burdens in the burning chamber are immense to the point that motor creators are concerned the lightweight material may in the long run come up short. Commonly it is the dish edge where splits start. In this manner the first intelligent measure is to fortify this zone. It is the material itself which recommends a arrangement: Although the throwing procedure has as of now been enhanced to abuse the most extreme cooling rate which still results in an impeccable item, the cooling is still too moderate for a gr eatest material quality at the dish edge. IMPROVED HEAT TRANSFER FOR ALUMINUM MATERIALAs the measure of heat is so awesome in the dish territory, a second result is to enhance the heat dispersal from the piston bowl and edge. A compelling method for doing this is to position the cooling display higher up and in this way near the dish edge and top ring. The cooling impact at the dish edge and first ring woods is subsequently enhanced by more than 10%, at the pin bore the change is around 5%. Then again the state of the exhibition can be adjusted to the application. While this is not excessively complex from a configuration point of perspective, it is very difficult to control the throwing procedure to guarantee that there is sufficient material of steady cavity free quality between the dish and the display and/or between the exhibition and the cast in Al fin embed. The principal creation use of the raised exhibition piston keeps the piston at temperatures much lower than the satisfac tory furthest reaches of 400 C. Under the same conditions, a standard piston's dish edge anxieties are 43% higher and its temperature comes to 440 C, near the softening purpose of the to begin with metal stages in the lattice. Depending on the application necessities the ideal display position and outline can be adaptable characterization.RESULTThe piston of an engine is made of normally aluminum alloys, cast iron, and forged steels. The cast iron was used primarily for making pistons but now a days the aluminum alloys are used for making the pistons because of their enhanced properties and light weight properties. The performance of the aluminum alloy piston can be further improved. The speed varies for both the materials i.e. cast iron and the aluminum alloy. The energy consumption in the aluminum alloys due to friction is about 30-40% lesser than that of the cast iron materials. Also the weight of the aluminum alloys is about 30% lower than that of the cast iron. CONCLUSION Based on the hot strength, power losses, light weight and the performance the aluminum alloy pistons are better than the cast iron pistons. Both materials pistons are manufactured using the casting process. The weight of the aluminum alloy is 30% lesser than the cast iron piston. The speeds for aluminum alloys is greater than 6 m/s and for the cast iron piston its less than 6 m/s. REFREENCES 1. 00/01528 EVALUATION OF THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES IN CARBON FORMATION ON DIESEL ENGINE PISTONS In-text: ('00/01528 Evaluation of thermodynamic processes in carbon formation on diesel engine pistons', 2000) Bibliography: 00/01528 Evaluation of thermodynamic processes in carbon formation on diesel engine pistons. (2000). Fuel And Energy Abstracts, 41(3), 170. doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(00)93258-22. ALIZADEH, A. AND TRIMM, D. L. The formation of deposits from oil under conditions pertinent to diesel engine pistons In-text: (Alizadeh Trimm, 1985) Bibliography: Alizadeh, A., Trimm, D. (1985). The formation of deposits from oil under conditions pertinent to diesel engine pistons. Journal Of Chemical Technology And Biotechnology. Chemical Technology, 35(6), 291-296. doi:10.1002/jctb.50403506053. DASHEVSKAYA, G. I. Aluminizing of automobile engine pistons In-text: (Dashevskaya, 1963) Bibliography: Dashevskaya, G. (1963). Aluminizing of automobile engine pistons. Metal Science And Heat Treatmen t, 5(10), 584-584. doi:10.1007/bf008661584. HOLT, D. J. The diesel engine In-text: (Holt, 2004) Bibliography: Holt, D. (2004). The diesel engine. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.5. JANKOWSKI, A. DESIGN OF NOVEL COMPOSITE PISTONS FOR DIESEL ENGINE In-text: (Jankowski, 2014) Bibliography: Jankowski, A. (2014). DESIGN OF NOVEL COMPOSITE PISTONS FOR DIESEL ENGINE. Journal Of KONES. Powertrain And Transport, 21(4), 211-216. doi:10.5604/12314005.11304736. KAINER, K. U. Metal matrix composites In-text: (Kainer, 2006) Bibliography: Kainer, K. (2006). Metal matrix composites. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.7. KAO, T. AND WALLACE, F. A new approach to the prediction of heat flow and temperature in engine pistons with special reference to thermal barriers In-text: (Kao Wallace, 1981) Bibliography: Kao, T., Wallace, F. (1981). A new approach to the prediction of heat flow and temperature in engine pistons with special reference to thermal barriers. International Journal Of Mechanical Sci ences, 23(11), 647-659. doi:10.1016/0020-7403(81)90019-98. KO OMECKI, J. COMPARATIVE RESEARCHES OF LUBE OIL CONSUMPTIONS ENGINE WOLA S12-U WITH COMPOSITE PISTONS In-text: (Koomecki, 2012) Bibliography: Koomecki, J. (2012). COMPARATIVE RESEARCHES OF LUBE OIL CONSUMPTIONS ENGINE WOLA S12-U WITH COMPOSITE PISTONS. Journal Of KONES. Powertrain And Transport, 19(4), 315-320. doi:10.5604/12314005.11384669. MANASIJEVIC , S., MARKOVIC , S., AC IMOVIC  - PAVLOVIC , Z., RAIC , K. AND RADISA, R. Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of piston alloys = In-text: (Manasijevic , Markovic , Ac imovic  - Pavlovic , Raic  Radisa, n.d.) Bibliography: Manasijevic , S., Markovic , S., Ac imovic  - Pavlovic , Z., Raic , K., Radisa, R. Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of piston alloys =.10. MCDEWELL, H. S. Supplementary report of oil scraper piston rings In-text: (McDewell, 1922) Bibliography: McDewell, H. (1922). Supplementary report of oil scraper piston rings. Washington D.C.: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.11. PIERZ, P. Thermal barrier coating development for diesel engine aluminum pistons In-text: (Pierz, 1993) Bibliography: Pierz, P. (1993). Thermal barrier coating development for diesel engine aluminum pistons. Surface And Coatings Technology, 61(1-3), 60-66. doi:10.1016/0257-8972(93)90203-z12. PINSKII, F. I. Temperature measurements of internal-combustion engine pistons In-text: (Pinskii, 1964) Bibliography: Pinskii, F. (1964). Temperature measurements of internal-combustion engine pistons. Measurement Techniques, 7(7), 610-615. doi:10.1007/bf0098004413. PRUDNIKOV, A. N. Production, structure, and properties of engine pistons made from transeutectic deformable silumin In-text: (Prudnikov, 2009) Bibliography: Prudnikov, A. (2009). Production, structure, and properties of engine pistons made from transeutectic deformable silumin. St eel Transl., 39(5), 391-393. doi:10.3103/s096709120905006414. SHIOTA, W. Aluminum alloys for engine pistons In-text: (SHIOTA, 1971) Bibliography: SHIOTA, W. (1971). Aluminum alloys for engine pistons. Journal Of Japan Institute Of Light Metals, 21(10), 670-683. doi:10.2464/jilm.21.67015. TREFZ, W. The piston and its finishing In-text: (Trefz, n.d.) Bibliography: Trefz, W. The piston and its finishing. Cincinnati, O.: Aluminum industries.16. VENKATESH, S. Surface treatments for pistons and their effect on engine performance In-text: (Venkatesh, 1973) Bibliography: Venkatesh, S. (1973). Surface treatments for pistons and their effect on engine performance. Wear, 25(1), 65-71. doi:10.1016/0043-1648(73)90121-x